• Latest
  • Trending
  • All
  • Capacitors
  • Resistors
  • Inductors
  • Filters
  • Fuses
  • Non-linear Passives
  • Applications
  • Integrated Passives
  • Oscillators
  • Passive Sensors
  • New Technologies
  • Aerospace & Defence
  • Automotive
  • Industrial
  • Market & Supply Chain
  • Medical
  • RF & Microwave
  • Telecommunication

Electrical equipment evolution in civil aeronautics: Handling high power up to 1,000kW from the designer point of view

21.6.2019

Yageo Venture to Acquire 30% of APEC and Step Into Semiconductor MOSFET Business

23.5.2022

Vishay NTC Thermistor LTspice Simulation for PID Optimization; Vishay Webinar

23.5.2022

Coverlay – More than a Flexible Soldermask Substitute; WE Webinar

19.5.2022

Stackpole Presents High Current Metal Shunt Resistors

19.5.2022
  • Home
  • Privacy Policy
  • EPCI Advertisement & Membership
  • About
No Result
View All Result
NEWSLETTER
Passive Components Blog
  • Home
  • NewsFilter
    • All
    • Aerospace & Defence
    • Antenna
    • Applications
    • Automotive
    • Capacitors
    • Filters
    • Fuses
    • Inductors
    • Industrial
    • Integrated Passives
    • Market & Supply Chain
    • Medical
    • New Materials & Supply
    • New Technologies
    • Non-linear Passives
    • Oscillators
    • Passive Sensors
    • Resistors
    • RF & Microwave
    • Telecommunication

    Yageo Venture to Acquire 30% of APEC and Step Into Semiconductor MOSFET Business

    Vishay NTC Thermistor LTspice Simulation for PID Optimization; Vishay Webinar

    Stackpole Presents High Current Metal Shunt Resistors

    Coilcraft Introduced Ultra-Low Loss Shielded Power Inductors

    Panasonic Releases SMD Automotive Power Choke Coil

    GAM Introduces Tantalum and Niobium Powders for Cold Spray Applications

    Skeleton Curved Graphene Scientists Named as European Inventor Award 2022 Finalists

    Flexible Cable Supercapacitor Application in EVs and HEVs

    Snubber Capacitor Selection for SiC-Based Switching Converters

    Trending Tags

    • Ripple Current
    • RF
    • Leakage Current
    • Tantalum vs Ceramic
    • Snubber
    • Low ESR
    • Feedthrough
    • Derating
    • Dielectric Constant
    • New Products
    • Market Reports
  • VideoFilter
    • All
    • Antenna videos
    • Capacitor videos
    • Filter videos
    • Fuse videos
    • Inductor videos
    • Non-linear passives videos
    • Oscillator videos
    • Passive sensors videos
    • Resistor videos
    • Sensors

    Vishay NTC Thermistor LTspice Simulation for PID Optimization; Vishay Webinar

    Coverlay – More than a Flexible Soldermask Substitute; WE Webinar

    Soldering THT Components by SMD Reflow Assembly; WE Webinar

    Strain Gage Resistive Sensor Simulation; Vishay Video

    EMC Filters Explained – from Component to Design; WE Webinar

    How to Avoid EMI Noise on Data Cable by Isolated Power Module; WE askLorandt Video

    Introduction to Wireless Power Transfer; WE Webinar

    How to Pass Conducted Emissions Using Line Filters; WE Webinar

    EMI Debugging of a Low Power Buck Converter; WE Webinar

    Trending Tags

    • Capacitors explained
    • Inductors explained
    • Resistors explained
    • Filters explained
    • Application Video Guidelines
    • EMC
    • New Products
    • Ripple Current
    • Simulation
    • Tantalum vs Ceramic
  • Knowledge Blog
  • Preferred Suppliers
  • Who is Who
  • Events
  • Home
  • NewsFilter
    • All
    • Aerospace & Defence
    • Antenna
    • Applications
    • Automotive
    • Capacitors
    • Filters
    • Fuses
    • Inductors
    • Industrial
    • Integrated Passives
    • Market & Supply Chain
    • Medical
    • New Materials & Supply
    • New Technologies
    • Non-linear Passives
    • Oscillators
    • Passive Sensors
    • Resistors
    • RF & Microwave
    • Telecommunication

    Yageo Venture to Acquire 30% of APEC and Step Into Semiconductor MOSFET Business

    Vishay NTC Thermistor LTspice Simulation for PID Optimization; Vishay Webinar

    Stackpole Presents High Current Metal Shunt Resistors

    Coilcraft Introduced Ultra-Low Loss Shielded Power Inductors

    Panasonic Releases SMD Automotive Power Choke Coil

    GAM Introduces Tantalum and Niobium Powders for Cold Spray Applications

    Skeleton Curved Graphene Scientists Named as European Inventor Award 2022 Finalists

    Flexible Cable Supercapacitor Application in EVs and HEVs

    Snubber Capacitor Selection for SiC-Based Switching Converters

    Trending Tags

    • Ripple Current
    • RF
    • Leakage Current
    • Tantalum vs Ceramic
    • Snubber
    • Low ESR
    • Feedthrough
    • Derating
    • Dielectric Constant
    • New Products
    • Market Reports
  • VideoFilter
    • All
    • Antenna videos
    • Capacitor videos
    • Filter videos
    • Fuse videos
    • Inductor videos
    • Non-linear passives videos
    • Oscillator videos
    • Passive sensors videos
    • Resistor videos
    • Sensors

    Vishay NTC Thermistor LTspice Simulation for PID Optimization; Vishay Webinar

    Coverlay – More than a Flexible Soldermask Substitute; WE Webinar

    Soldering THT Components by SMD Reflow Assembly; WE Webinar

    Strain Gage Resistive Sensor Simulation; Vishay Video

    EMC Filters Explained – from Component to Design; WE Webinar

    How to Avoid EMI Noise on Data Cable by Isolated Power Module; WE askLorandt Video

    Introduction to Wireless Power Transfer; WE Webinar

    How to Pass Conducted Emissions Using Line Filters; WE Webinar

    EMI Debugging of a Low Power Buck Converter; WE Webinar

    Trending Tags

    • Capacitors explained
    • Inductors explained
    • Resistors explained
    • Filters explained
    • Application Video Guidelines
    • EMC
    • New Products
    • Ripple Current
    • Simulation
    • Tantalum vs Ceramic
  • Knowledge Blog
  • Preferred Suppliers
  • Who is Who
  • Events
No Result
View All Result
Passive Components Blog
No Result
View All Result

Electrical equipment evolution in civil aeronautics: Handling high power up to 1,000kW from the designer point of view

21.6.2019
Reading Time: 5 mins read
0 0
0
SHARES
336
VIEWS

Source: Electronics 360 article

by Bruno Cogitore, Marie Evrard and Rebecca Charles for Exxelia

RelatedPosts

Yageo Venture to Acquire 30% of APEC and Step Into Semiconductor MOSFET Business

Vishay NTC Thermistor LTspice Simulation for PID Optimization; Vishay Webinar

Coverlay – More than a Flexible Soldermask Substitute; WE Webinar

For many years, Airbus and Boeing aircraft manufacturers have been moving toward a more electric aircraft, gradually replacing equipment traditionally powered by mechanical or hydraulic power with electric power. This move paves the way for increased reliability, better efficiency and availability, reduced mass and optimized maintenance. As a well-known designer and manufacturer of magnetic components for the aerospace industry, Exxelia is impacted by this evolution, well beyond the growing market it represents.

Electrical force

What is the electric power level in a modern, medium-haul, civil aircraft? The Boeing 787 can deliver peak power for a few minutes at nearly 1,000 kW, while the Airbus A320neo can deliver nearly 600 kW. Only about 15% of the equipment in this generation of aircraft is electrical, which suggests that although the power involved is already significant, the scope for progress is still enormous.

Is it possible to increase power without exceeding the limit of electrical equipment in an aircraft? Experts say no. Many constraints in terms of weight, volume and costs make this impossible. Yet, various methods can be used to overcome this difficulty, like improving equipment efficiency or equipment sharing through the management of a network Figure 2: Roughly 15% of today’s aircraft equipment is electrical Source: Safranfor generating, transporting and distributing electrical energy. Of course, the number and power of electrical equipment will increase slightly, but become more and more specific and complex because of the multiple functions they will have to satisfy, and all of the equipment will have to work together without disruption.

Figure 1: The Boeing 787 can deliver peak power for a few minutes at nearly 1,000 kW, while the Airbus A320neo can deliver nearly 600 kW. Source: Safran

Electrical equipment design

The primary consequence of this mutation impacts the design of electrical equipment, which is often composed of energy conversion chains. The combination of several cascaded converters must be designed via a multi-physical approach, taking into account power electronics, thermals and mechanics at the very least.

In recent years, several technological revolutions have considerably improved performance of converters and at higher switching frequencies. Wideband gap transistors (gallium nitride, silicon carbide) have considerably reduced switching losses. Progress made in microelectronics has allowed development of control, drive and regulation circuits (field-programmable gate arrays, microcontroller units), which also work much more quickly. To improve performance, researchers and engineers also worked on the converter structure and developed more efficient architectures and topologies. This led to the generalization of previously atypical operating principles, such as all forms of soft or resonant switching, as well as dual/multiple active bridges.

However, these technological innovations have made the operating principles of converters more complex to study and understand. This is particularly true for one fundamental element of converters: magnetic components (MC).

The way MCs are used is innovative and no longer resembles what was taught about electromagnetism in engineering school. To understand how an MC works, it is necessary to analyze and understand how the converter where the MC is inserted works, and then identify the worst case of operation. This depends on a large number of parameters, including the converter input voltage, frequency and temperature, so that the MC delivers the expected performances in all possible configurations of use. In other words, designing the MC needs certain skills in power electronics.

The increase in power level combined with the requirement to miniaturize electrical equipment increases the thermal challenge imposed on the MC, which will heat more in a smaller space. During the design step, it is therefore essential to evaluate the thermal behavior of the MC as accurately as possible to define and approach its thermal limits and achieve an optimal balance between size (a MC that is too large or heavy) and reliability (a MC that heats up too much will not be reliable). Designing MCs now also requires a minimum level of thermal competence.

Finally, there is the challenge of industrialization, which is the reproducibility in manufacturing, both on the key functions of the MC and on their tolerances. It is a matter of controlling, not cancelling, the defects and drawbacks of the MC.

The innovative operation of converters takes advantage of the defects of the MCs. These defects must remain relatively stable from one copy to another. The technologies and manufacturing processes chosen to produce the MCs must make it possible to obtain values of leakage inductance and parasitic capacitances that are not variable. At the design step, this requires mathematical models available to accurately assess the values of these defects. There are even some converters that use the saturation property of magnetic components to limit the energy to be stored or released under certain conditions. It is then necessary to design the component, an inductance in general, at the middle of the saturation curve of its magnetic circuit, which is contrary to historical habits in this field.

The example below shows that the complex and innovative aspects of converters have a direct impact on the design of MCs.

The converter shown in the figure below has only been used in aeronautics for about 15 years. It is a 12-phase rectifier with three stages: an autotransformer, followed by two groups of six diodes, then two interphase chokes. The rectifier creates a 270 V (or 540 V) DC network from the 115 V (or 230 V), 400 Hz, three-phase network generated by the aircraft’s engines. This topology was studied a few decades ago by a team of international researchers and industrialists who wanted to use this more efficient topology first had to understand the team’s scientific publications. It turned out that the unavoidable defects of the two magnetic components significantly degrade the functioning of the rectifier. Exxelia’s design team had to understand all these aspects before developing a design method for these two atypical MCs. One objective was to reduce the impact of the defects of the two MCs on the rectifier operation.

Fig.2. The rectifier creates a 270 V (or 540 V) DC network from the 115 V (or 230 V) 400 Hz three-phase network generated by the aircraft’s engines. Source: IEEE

The professions of electrical equipment designer and magnetic component designer are both evolving at high speeds and are increasingly linked to each other. MC designers can no longer simply use the few rules of electromagnetism learned at school combined with the experience acquired at his or her company. They must now be interested in the converter in which their component will operate, and must evaluate the thermal behavior of the component. The designer must also control and define the manufacturing process that will control the defects of the components — all at an increasingly competitive price.

Summary
This leads to a profound change in the profession of MC designer. Faced with this evolution and with meeting the new challenges of this more electric aircraft race, the designer/customer link must inevitably be strengthened, especially during the development of equipment.

featured image source: Boeing

 

Related Posts

Aerospace & Defence

Coilcraft Introduced Ultra-Low Loss Shielded Power Inductors

19.5.2022
20
Automotive

Panasonic Releases SMD Automotive Power Choke Coil

19.5.2022
18
Aerospace & Defence

Vishay Releases High Precision Compact Thin Film Wraparound Chip Resistor 

17.5.2022
28

Popular Posts

  • Ripple Current and its Effects on the Performance of Capacitors

    3 shares
    Share 3 Tweet 0
  • Capacitor Selection for Coupling and Decoupling Applications

    28 shares
    Share 28 Tweet 0
  • What is a Dielectric Constant of Plastic Materials ?

    4 shares
    Share 4 Tweet 0
  • Understanding High-Precision Resistor Temperature Coefficient of Resistance

    0 shares
    Share 0 Tweet 0
  • Dielectric Constant and its Effects on the Properties of a Capacitor

    7 shares
    Share 7 Tweet 0

Newsletter Subscription

 

  • Home
  • Privacy Policy
  • EPCI Advertisement & Membership
  • About

© 2021 EPCI - Premium Passive Components Educational and Information Site

No Result
View All Result
  • Home
  • News
  • Video
  • Knowledge Blog
  • Preferred Suppliers
  • Events

© 2021 EPCI - Premium Passive Components Educational and Information Site

Welcome Back!

Login to your account below

Forgotten Password?

Retrieve your password

Please enter your username or email address to reset your password.

Log In
This website uses cookies. By continuing to use this website you are giving consent to cookies being used. Visit our Privacy and Cookie Policy.