• Latest
  • Trending
  • All
  • Capacitors
  • Resistors
  • Inductors
  • Filters
  • Fuses
  • Non-linear Passives
  • Applications
  • Integrated Passives
  • Oscillators
  • Passive Sensors
  • New Technologies
  • Aerospace & Defence
  • Automotive
  • Industrial
  • Market & Supply Chain
  • Medical
  • RF & Microwave
  • Telecommunication

5G Sub-6 GHz and mmWave Filter Design Considerations Explained

5.1.2022

Sumida Extends Ferrite Drum Inductors Offering with Lower DCR and Wider Inductance Range

23.11.2023

How Clock Oscillator Works

23.11.2023

Toroidal Flat Wire PFC Inductors vs. Round Wire PFC Inductors; Würth Elektronik Webinar

23.11.2023

Quasi-Lumped Filters: Combining Filter Technologies to Create Higher-Value Compact Filters

21.11.2023

TDK Unveils EMC Noise Suppression Filters for Audio Lines

21.11.2023

November 23 – Interconnect, Passives & Electromechanical Components Market Insights

21.11.2023
  • Home
  • Privacy Policy
  • EPCI Membership & Advertisement
  • About
No Result
View All Result
NEWSLETTER
Passive Components Blog
  • Home
  • NewsFilter
    • All
    • Aerospace & Defence
    • Antenna
    • Applications
    • Automotive
    • Capacitors
    • Circuit Protection Devices
    • Filters
    • Fuses
    • Inductors
    • Industrial
    • Integrated Passives
    • Market & Supply Chain
    • Market Insights
    • Medical
    • New Materials & Supply
    • New Technologies
    • Non-linear Passives
    • Oscillators
    • Passive Sensors
    • Resistors
    • RF & Microwave
    • Telecommunication
    • Weekly Digest

    Sumida Extends Ferrite Drum Inductors Offering with Lower DCR and Wider Inductance Range

    How Clock Oscillator Works

    Toroidal Flat Wire PFC Inductors vs. Round Wire PFC Inductors; Würth Elektronik Webinar

    Quasi-Lumped Filters: Combining Filter Technologies to Create Higher-Value Compact Filters

    TDK Unveils EMC Noise Suppression Filters for Audio Lines

    November 23 – Interconnect, Passives & Electromechanical Components Market Insights

    Understanding The Power of Magnetic Fusion

    Murata Releases World’s First High Energy Density 1uF 100V MLCC in a 1608 Size

    Modelithics Introduces EDA Integrity Solutions as a Modelithics Reseller for Israel

    Trending Tags

    • Ripple Current
    • RF
    • Leakage Current
    • Tantalum vs Ceramic
    • Snubber
    • Low ESR
    • Feedthrough
    • Derating
    • Dielectric Constant
    • New Products
    • Market Reports
  • VideoFilter
    • All
    • Antenna videos
    • Capacitor videos
    • Filter videos
    • Fuse videos
    • Inductor videos
    • Non-linear passives videos
    • Oscillator videos
    • Passive sensors videos
    • Resistor videos
    • Sensors

    Addressing EMC Issues; Texas Instruments and Würth Elektronik Webinar

    DC-Link Film Capacitors for DC-Charger Applications; WE Webinar

    Transformer Design for EMC; WE Webinar

    Filter Calculation and Selection with REDEXPERT EMI Filter Designer; WE Webinar

    Experimental Demonstration of Inductor Back Electromotive Force EMF

    Charging/Discharging of Linear andNon-linear Capacitors

    How to Select Inductor For Switching Power Supply

    Oscillators Integration, Selection Guide and Design In

    Input Capacitor Selection for Power Supplies – Part 3: Electrolytic Capacitors

    Trending Tags

    • Capacitors explained
    • Inductors explained
    • Resistors explained
    • Filters explained
    • Application Video Guidelines
    • EMC
    • New Products
    • Ripple Current
    • Simulation
    • Tantalum vs Ceramic
  • Knowledge Blog
  • Suppliers
    • Preferred Suppliers
    • Who is Who
  • Events
  • Home
  • NewsFilter
    • All
    • Aerospace & Defence
    • Antenna
    • Applications
    • Automotive
    • Capacitors
    • Circuit Protection Devices
    • Filters
    • Fuses
    • Inductors
    • Industrial
    • Integrated Passives
    • Market & Supply Chain
    • Market Insights
    • Medical
    • New Materials & Supply
    • New Technologies
    • Non-linear Passives
    • Oscillators
    • Passive Sensors
    • Resistors
    • RF & Microwave
    • Telecommunication
    • Weekly Digest

    Sumida Extends Ferrite Drum Inductors Offering with Lower DCR and Wider Inductance Range

    How Clock Oscillator Works

    Toroidal Flat Wire PFC Inductors vs. Round Wire PFC Inductors; Würth Elektronik Webinar

    Quasi-Lumped Filters: Combining Filter Technologies to Create Higher-Value Compact Filters

    TDK Unveils EMC Noise Suppression Filters for Audio Lines

    November 23 – Interconnect, Passives & Electromechanical Components Market Insights

    Understanding The Power of Magnetic Fusion

    Murata Releases World’s First High Energy Density 1uF 100V MLCC in a 1608 Size

    Modelithics Introduces EDA Integrity Solutions as a Modelithics Reseller for Israel

    Trending Tags

    • Ripple Current
    • RF
    • Leakage Current
    • Tantalum vs Ceramic
    • Snubber
    • Low ESR
    • Feedthrough
    • Derating
    • Dielectric Constant
    • New Products
    • Market Reports
  • VideoFilter
    • All
    • Antenna videos
    • Capacitor videos
    • Filter videos
    • Fuse videos
    • Inductor videos
    • Non-linear passives videos
    • Oscillator videos
    • Passive sensors videos
    • Resistor videos
    • Sensors

    Addressing EMC Issues; Texas Instruments and Würth Elektronik Webinar

    DC-Link Film Capacitors for DC-Charger Applications; WE Webinar

    Transformer Design for EMC; WE Webinar

    Filter Calculation and Selection with REDEXPERT EMI Filter Designer; WE Webinar

    Experimental Demonstration of Inductor Back Electromotive Force EMF

    Charging/Discharging of Linear andNon-linear Capacitors

    How to Select Inductor For Switching Power Supply

    Oscillators Integration, Selection Guide and Design In

    Input Capacitor Selection for Power Supplies – Part 3: Electrolytic Capacitors

    Trending Tags

    • Capacitors explained
    • Inductors explained
    • Resistors explained
    • Filters explained
    • Application Video Guidelines
    • EMC
    • New Products
    • Ripple Current
    • Simulation
    • Tantalum vs Ceramic
  • Knowledge Blog
  • Suppliers
    • Preferred Suppliers
    • Who is Who
  • Events
No Result
View All Result
Passive Components Blog
No Result
View All Result

5G Sub-6 GHz and mmWave Filter Design Considerations Explained

5.1.2022
Reading Time: 5 mins read
A A

Turning 5G wireless communication into a widespread reality will require the use of mmWave frequencies. However, there are many of us RF engineers out there that have spent much of our careers working in the sub-6 GHz range, which actually has quite different needs than mmWave. Therefore, it is critical to get a handle on the key differences between working in this range and mmWave frequencies. Sub-6G and mmWave filter considerations are discussed in article by Peter Matthews, senior technical marketing manager at Knowles Precision Devices published by 5G Technology World.

Three Key Differences Between Sub-6 GHz and mmWave Operations

First and foremost, the rules and specifications, such as those defined by the 3GPP Specification 3GPP TS 38.104 V17.2.0 (2021-06), are different for mmWave. At a high level, this specification defines the frequency ranges where 5G can operate – FR1 (4.1 GHz to 7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz). It also highlights a variety of additional performance requirements that are important to understand when building mmWave base stations and small cells including base station classes, differences in channel bandwidths, and how to test for and handle unwanted emissions.

RelatedPosts

Sumida Extends Ferrite Drum Inductors Offering with Lower DCR and Wider Inductance Range

How Clock Oscillator Works

Toroidal Flat Wire PFC Inductors vs. Round Wire PFC Inductors; Würth Elektronik Webinar

There are also a variety of different RF design challenges at mmWave largely because as frequency increases, wavelength decreases as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Moving operating frequencies from Sub-6GHz to mmWave leads to numerous RF design challenges. Source: Knowles Precision Devices

These challenges include the requirement for small form-factor components that do not sacrifice performance, maintaining dimensional tolerances of antenna and filter technologies, and ensuring temperature stability.

The third big difference between devices operating at sub-6GHz frequencies versus those operating in the mmWave range is the different filtering technologies needed at those frequencies. In general, the lumped-element model does not work well at higher frequencies because manufacturing the necessary discrete values will lead to other issues. Instead, at FR2 frequencies, RF engineers are shifting to a distributed element approach. As a result, transmission line and waveguide-based approaches are the best option.

By developing an understanding of these key differences between FR1 and FR2, making the transition to designing mmWave devices will not seem nearly as daunting.

One RF design challenge at these higher frequencies occurs because these designs require small-form-factor components. One of the ways you can achieve this without sacrificing performance is to use high K materials. Table 1 compares the difference in size of a sixth order, half-wave resonator filter built using four different materials.

Table 1. Wavelength and size change as Keff increases. Source: Knowles Precision Devices

Because size is at a premium in mmWave applications, dimensional tolerances of antenna and filter technologies also become critical. Poor tolerance encroaches on system performance. You can avoid this issue by using a fully integrated design featuring thin-film technology and a high-permittivity dielectric. This approach lets you shrink the overall size and reduce variation from board tolerances. Additionally, even though integration of passive functions is not overly difficult at lower frequencies, it can be quite complex at higher frequencies.

Another design issue you’ll encounter in densely packed systems arises because there’s no way to control temperature, which means frequent variations may occur and systems will run hot. Therefore, components such as filters must perform within specification over a wide range of temperatures with a temperature stability of approximately 3 ppm/°C.

Different filter technologies
As you move to FR2, you’ll find different radio architectures that include the number and type of filter technologies. Figure 2 shows the typical frequencies and bandwidths of some standard filter technologies and highlights which overlap with the 5G FR1 and FR2 bands.

Figure 2. When moving from FR1 to FR2, certain filter technologies need to be left behind in favor of some of the new types of filters available, shown in color.; source: Knowles Precision Devices

FR2 brings a change from traditional lumped-element filter designs. In general, the lumped-element model does not work well at higher frequencies because manufacturing the necessary discrete values causes other issues. For example, there are board-level parasitic effects that result from mounting components and the transmission lines used in a lumped element model also result in losses. At high frequencies, these effects would essentially detune a filter.

Figure 3. In this microstrip, the upper substrate is air.

At FR2 frequencies, RF engineers are shifting to using a distributed element model. As a result, transmission lines and waveguides and their corresponding filtering technologies are the best methods for transferring electromagnetic waves around a circuit. More specifically, a microstrip topology is a great option. If you are unfamiliar with microstrip technology, microstrip refers to a type of planar transmission line consisting of a conducting strip separated from a ground plane by a dielectric substrate (Figure 3).

The planar filters used in a microstrip implementation are manufactured using a thin-film process, which offers high Q and a reasonable approach to achieving performance in a small footprint. Planar distributed element filters rely on carefully distributed transmission lines to create resonant structures and can be designed to tighter tolerances than a lumped element filter. This type of planar thin-film implementation is most desirable for mmWave applications from the standpoint of size, cost, and performance.

Making a smooth transition
Even if you’ve been working on RF designs for decades, you should to keep pace with the standards, requirements, and technologies that differ between designing 5G applications that operate sub-6GHz and those at mmWave frequencies.

Instead, to ease this transition, first get to know the 3GPP TS 38.104 V17.2.0 (2021-06) standard. By developing an understanding of these key differences between FR1 and FR2, making the transition to designing mmWave devices will not seem nearly as daunting.

Source: 5G Technology World

Related Posts

Inductors

Toroidal Flat Wire PFC Inductors vs. Round Wire PFC Inductors; Würth Elektronik Webinar

23.11.2023
35
Filters

Quasi-Lumped Filters: Combining Filter Technologies to Create Higher-Value Compact Filters

21.11.2023
27
Filters

TDK Unveils EMC Noise Suppression Filters for Audio Lines

21.11.2023
66

Upcoming Events

Nov 28
November 28 @ 12:00 - November 29 @ 14:00 EST

Microelectronic Packaging Failure Modes and Analysis

Nov 28
16:00 - 17:00 CET

Definition of component heating of power inductors in switching regulators using IEC 62024

Dec 4
20:00 - 21:00 CET

Film Capacitors: The Versatility and Stability

View Calendar

Popular Posts

  • What is a Dielectric Constant of Plastic Materials ?

    4 shares
    Share 4 Tweet 0
  • Ripple Current and its Effects on the Performance of Capacitors

    3 shares
    Share 3 Tweet 0
  • Understanding High-Precision Resistor Temperature Coefficient of Resistance

    0 shares
    Share 0 Tweet 0
  • Why Low ESR Matters in Capacitor Design

    0 shares
    Share 0 Tweet 0
  • Filter Poles and Zeros Explained

    0 shares
    Share 0 Tweet 0
  • How to Design an Inductor

    0 shares
    Share 0 Tweet 0
  • Solenoids, Contactors and Electromechanical Relays Explained

    0 shares
    Share 0 Tweet 0
  • Capacitor Selection for Coupling and Decoupling Applications

    28 shares
    Share 28 Tweet 0
  • Leakage Current Characteristics of Capacitors

    0 shares
    Share 0 Tweet 0
  • How to Choose the Right Inductor for DC-DC Buck Applications

    0 shares
    Share 0 Tweet 0

Newsletter Subscription

 

Archive

2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017

Symposium

Passive Components Networking Symposium

Passives e-Learning

Knowledge Blog

  • Home
  • Privacy Policy
  • EPCI Membership & Advertisement
  • About

© EPCI - Premium Passive Components Educational and Information Site

No Result
View All Result
  • Home
  • News
  • Video
  • Knowledge Blog
  • Preferred Suppliers
  • Events

© EPCI - Premium Passive Components Educational and Information Site

This website uses cookies. By continuing to use this website you are giving consent to cookies being used. Visit our Privacy and Cookie Policy.