• Latest
  • Trending
  • All
  • Capacitors
  • Resistors
  • Inductors
  • Filters
  • Fuses
  • Non-linear Passives
  • Applications
  • Integrated Passives
  • Oscillators
  • Passive Sensors
  • New Technologies
  • Aerospace & Defence
  • Automotive
  • Industrial
  • Market & Supply Chain
  • Medical
  • RF & Microwave
  • Telecommunication

A Simple Method for a Capacitor’s ESR Measurement

27.11.2019

Optimizing Tantalum Capacitor Manufacturing Through Yield Strength and Plasticity Analysis in Welding Processes

30.11.2023

Researchers Present New Record Energy Storage Carbon Material for Supercapacitors

30.11.2023

Q Factor Modelling; How Poles and Zeros Relate to Q Factor

30.11.2023

Bourns Unveils New Data and Signal Surge Protective Devices

30.11.2023

Bourns Unveils Thermally Protected MOV Surge Protective Devices

28.11.2023

 Exxelia Opens Manufacturing Site in Morocco

27.11.2023
  • Home
  • Privacy Policy
  • EPCI Membership & Advertisement
  • About
No Result
View All Result
NEWSLETTER
Passive Components Blog
  • Home
  • NewsFilter
    • All
    • Aerospace & Defence
    • Antenna
    • Applications
    • Automotive
    • Capacitors
    • Circuit Protection Devices
    • Filters
    • Fuses
    • Inductors
    • Industrial
    • Integrated Passives
    • Market & Supply Chain
    • Market Insights
    • Medical
    • New Materials & Supply
    • New Technologies
    • Non-linear Passives
    • Oscillators
    • Passive Sensors
    • Resistors
    • RF & Microwave
    • Telecommunication
    • Weekly Digest

    Optimizing Tantalum Capacitor Manufacturing Through Yield Strength and Plasticity Analysis in Welding Processes

    Researchers Present New Record Energy Storage Carbon Material for Supercapacitors

    Q Factor Modelling; How Poles and Zeros Relate to Q Factor

    Bourns Unveils New Data and Signal Surge Protective Devices

    Bourns Unveils Thermally Protected MOV Surge Protective Devices

     Exxelia Opens Manufacturing Site in Morocco

    Sumida Extends Ferrite Drum Inductors Offering with Lower DCR and Wider Inductance Range

    How Clock Oscillator Works

    Toroidal Flat Wire PFC Inductors vs. Round Wire PFC Inductors; Würth Elektronik Webinar

    Trending Tags

    • Ripple Current
    • RF
    • Leakage Current
    • Tantalum vs Ceramic
    • Snubber
    • Low ESR
    • Feedthrough
    • Derating
    • Dielectric Constant
    • New Products
    • Market Reports
  • VideoFilter
    • All
    • Antenna videos
    • Capacitor videos
    • Filter videos
    • Fuse videos
    • Inductor videos
    • Non-linear passives videos
    • Oscillator videos
    • Passive sensors videos
    • Resistor videos
    • Sensors

    Addressing EMC Issues; Texas Instruments and Würth Elektronik Webinar

    DC-Link Film Capacitors for DC-Charger Applications; WE Webinar

    Transformer Design for EMC; WE Webinar

    Filter Calculation and Selection with REDEXPERT EMI Filter Designer; WE Webinar

    Experimental Demonstration of Inductor Back Electromotive Force EMF

    Charging/Discharging of Linear andNon-linear Capacitors

    How to Select Inductor For Switching Power Supply

    Oscillators Integration, Selection Guide and Design In

    Input Capacitor Selection for Power Supplies – Part 3: Electrolytic Capacitors

    Trending Tags

    • Capacitors explained
    • Inductors explained
    • Resistors explained
    • Filters explained
    • Application Video Guidelines
    • EMC
    • New Products
    • Ripple Current
    • Simulation
    • Tantalum vs Ceramic
  • Knowledge Blog
  • Suppliers
    • Preferred Suppliers
    • Who is Who
  • Events
  • Home
  • NewsFilter
    • All
    • Aerospace & Defence
    • Antenna
    • Applications
    • Automotive
    • Capacitors
    • Circuit Protection Devices
    • Filters
    • Fuses
    • Inductors
    • Industrial
    • Integrated Passives
    • Market & Supply Chain
    • Market Insights
    • Medical
    • New Materials & Supply
    • New Technologies
    • Non-linear Passives
    • Oscillators
    • Passive Sensors
    • Resistors
    • RF & Microwave
    • Telecommunication
    • Weekly Digest

    Optimizing Tantalum Capacitor Manufacturing Through Yield Strength and Plasticity Analysis in Welding Processes

    Researchers Present New Record Energy Storage Carbon Material for Supercapacitors

    Q Factor Modelling; How Poles and Zeros Relate to Q Factor

    Bourns Unveils New Data and Signal Surge Protective Devices

    Bourns Unveils Thermally Protected MOV Surge Protective Devices

     Exxelia Opens Manufacturing Site in Morocco

    Sumida Extends Ferrite Drum Inductors Offering with Lower DCR and Wider Inductance Range

    How Clock Oscillator Works

    Toroidal Flat Wire PFC Inductors vs. Round Wire PFC Inductors; Würth Elektronik Webinar

    Trending Tags

    • Ripple Current
    • RF
    • Leakage Current
    • Tantalum vs Ceramic
    • Snubber
    • Low ESR
    • Feedthrough
    • Derating
    • Dielectric Constant
    • New Products
    • Market Reports
  • VideoFilter
    • All
    • Antenna videos
    • Capacitor videos
    • Filter videos
    • Fuse videos
    • Inductor videos
    • Non-linear passives videos
    • Oscillator videos
    • Passive sensors videos
    • Resistor videos
    • Sensors

    Addressing EMC Issues; Texas Instruments and Würth Elektronik Webinar

    DC-Link Film Capacitors for DC-Charger Applications; WE Webinar

    Transformer Design for EMC; WE Webinar

    Filter Calculation and Selection with REDEXPERT EMI Filter Designer; WE Webinar

    Experimental Demonstration of Inductor Back Electromotive Force EMF

    Charging/Discharging of Linear andNon-linear Capacitors

    How to Select Inductor For Switching Power Supply

    Oscillators Integration, Selection Guide and Design In

    Input Capacitor Selection for Power Supplies – Part 3: Electrolytic Capacitors

    Trending Tags

    • Capacitors explained
    • Inductors explained
    • Resistors explained
    • Filters explained
    • Application Video Guidelines
    • EMC
    • New Products
    • Ripple Current
    • Simulation
    • Tantalum vs Ceramic
  • Knowledge Blog
  • Suppliers
    • Preferred Suppliers
    • Who is Who
  • Events
No Result
View All Result
Passive Components Blog
No Result
View All Result

A Simple Method for a Capacitor’s ESR Measurement

27.11.2019
Reading Time: 6 mins read
A A

source: Power Electronics article

Farzin Asadi, Nurettin Abut | Sep 07, 2017, Accurate modeling of power electronic converters, i.e., obtaining control to output transfer function, must include series resistance of capacitors and inductors. A simple method allows measurement of a capacitor’s Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR).

RelatedPosts

KEMET Design it Day: Capacitors and Inductors Selection Guide for Decoupling And Filtering

How to determine and measure MLCC ripple current and ESR

Degradation of ESR in Polymer Tantalum Capacitors during High Temperature Storage BEST PAPER AWARD

 Capacitors are classified according to their dielectric’s type. Electrolytic capacitors are popular in power electronic circuits, due to their high volumetric efficiency and excellent price performance ratio.[1] Unfortunately, their characteristics change with operating frequency, whereas an ideal capacitor’s impedance decreases with frequency. But, in the real world this is not seen in the laboratory. Increasing frequency up to a certain point leads to the expected impedance reduction but increasing frequency causes the impedance to increase, i.e., it acts like a resonance circuit. To model the behavior of an actual capacitor requires the addition of extra elements to the capacitor model. ESR is actually the resistance that a capacitor shows in the border between capacitor-like behavior and inductor-like behavior, i.e., resistance at the resonance frequency.

When modeling the dynamic behavior of power converters, ESR is important value because it predicts the output ripple of the converter as well as predicting capacitor lifetime.[2] Power dissipated in ESR causes the capacitor’s temperature to increase and its capacitance and lifetime to decrease.

A simple and direct method for measuring ESR is proposed in [3], in which the ESR is determined directly by the ratio of the capacitor’s ripple voltage to ripple current. But the implementation is quite expensive and troublesome. To determine ESR using only voltage measurements, Chen et al. [4] suggested that under some specific conditions, the inductor ripple current could be assumed to be constant and hence the output ripple voltage determines the ESR. However, the proposed method is limited and its precision is not high.

 A laboratory method that can be used to determine the intrinsic value of ESR of electrolytic capacitors was proposed in [5]. However, the method is expensive to implement.

Here, we present a simple measurement technique for the determination of capacitor ESR.

Proposed Method:

Assume a model like that shown in Fig. 1, for Capacitor Under Test (CUT):

1. Model of capacitor under test.

 

This model ignores lead inductance. Suppose that CUT is connected to a sine wave generator with frequency Fg and internal resistance rg, as shown in Fig. 2:

2. CUT connected to a sine wave generator.

The transfer function of this circuit is:

Equation 1, shows the high pass nature of this circuit. Therefore, we can approximate the transfer function as:

Equation 2 is the basis for our capacitor ESR measurement. When the input frequency is high enough we can simplify the input-output relation as algebraic Equation 2. For high frequencies, the circuit acts like an attenuator with the attenuation factor:

Measurement of circuit’s attenuation factor and generator’s internal resistance leads to rc, the capacitor’s ESR:

Instead of using a sine wave excitation, we can use a square wave. This allows us to use a Fourier series to write an equation with levels +Vm and -Vm, and period T:

Where:

A square wave consists of odd harmonics. When fundamental harmonic is high enough, a capacitor acts like short circuit and output voltage is approximately attenuated version of input voltage in steady state. Circuit attenuation in steady state is directly related to capacitor equivalent series resistance, rc , that can be obtained by measuring the circuit’s attenuation factor and using Equation 3.

Simulation Results:

Simulink diagram is shown in Fig. 3:

3. Simulation diagram of circuit in Simulink.

A square wave with amplitude +1 and -1 volt is used as excitation. Signal generator output resistance is taken as 50 Ω, capacitor is 30 μF with 0.8 Ω ESR. Steady-state output waveform is shown in Fig. 4:

 

4. Steady-state output of circuit.

The calculated attenuation factor of the circuit is:

and CUT’s ESR is calculated as:

Laboratory Results:

A signal generator with nominal 50 Ω output resistance provides the excitation. An output resistance of 47.1 Ω is measured with the aid of a simple voltage divider. Steady state output voltage peak-peak voltage is measured with the aid of a digital scope. Figure 5 shows s sample output.

5. Sample output voltage waveform.

Calculated ESR Values

This simple measurement technique provides accurate results and allows a more precise power converter model.

 

References

1. Amaral A.M.R., Cardoso A.J.M.: An experimental technique for estimating the ESR and reactance intrinsic values of aluminium electrolytic capacitors. Proc. Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conf., IMTC 2006, April 2006, pp. 1820–1825.

2. Sankaran V.A., Rees F.L., Avant C.S.: Electrolytic capacitor life testing and prediction. Proc. 32nd Annual Meeting IEEE Industry Applications Society, October 1997, vol. 2, pp. 1058–1065

3. Venet P., Perisse F., El-Husseini M.H., Rojat G.: Realization of a smart electrolytic capacitor circuit, IEEE Ind. Appl. Mag., 2002, 8, (1), pp. 16–20

4. Chen Y.-M., Chou M.-W., Wu H.-C.: Electrolytic capacitor failure prediction of LC filter for switching-mode power converters. Proc. 40th Annual Meeting IEEE Industry Applications Society, October 2005, vol. 2, pp. 1464–1469.

5. Amaral A.M.R., Cardoso A.J.M.: An ESR meter for high frequencies. Proc. Int. Conf. on Power Electronics and Drives Systems, PEDS, 2005, pp. 1628–163

6. D.W. Hart, “Power electronics,” Mc Graw Hill, 2010.

7. N. Mohan,T. M. Undeland , W. P. Robbins, “Power Electronics: Converters, Applications and Design,” John Wiley and Sons, 2002.

8. R.W. Ericson, D. Maksimovic, “Fundamental of power electronics,” Springer, 2001.

9. A.M.R. Amaral, A.J.M Cardoso: “An ESR meter for high frequencies“. Proc. Int. Conf. on Power Electronics and Drives Systems, PEDS, 2005, pp. 1628–1633.

10. R. Chen, J.D.V. Wyk, S. Wang, W.G. Odendaal: Improving the characteristics of integrated EMI filters by embedded conductive layers. IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2005, pp. 611–619.

11. A.M.R. Amaral, A.J.M Cardoso: An experimental technique for estimating the ESR and reactance intrinsic values of aluminium electrolytic capacitors. Proc. Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conf., IMTC 2006, April 2006, pp. 1820–1825.

Related Posts

Capacitors

Optimizing Tantalum Capacitor Manufacturing Through Yield Strength and Plasticity Analysis in Welding Processes

30.11.2023
30
Capacitors

Researchers Present New Record Energy Storage Carbon Material for Supercapacitors

30.11.2023
27
Market & Supply Chain

 Exxelia Opens Manufacturing Site in Morocco

27.11.2023
56

Upcoming Events

Dec 4
20:00 - 21:00 CET

Film Capacitors: The Versatility and Stability

Dec 5
15:00 - 16:00 CET

High Voltage Power Distribution Units and Fuse Selection Importance

Dec 6
11:00 - 12:00 CET

Miniaturization, mechatronics, microvia: SLIM.flex PCB

View Calendar

Popular Posts

  • What is a Dielectric Constant of Plastic Materials ?

    4 shares
    Share 4 Tweet 0
  • Understanding High-Precision Resistor Temperature Coefficient of Resistance

    0 shares
    Share 0 Tweet 0
  • Ripple Current and its Effects on the Performance of Capacitors

    3 shares
    Share 3 Tweet 0
  • Why Low ESR Matters in Capacitor Design

    0 shares
    Share 0 Tweet 0
  • Trendforce Predicts Modest Growth of MLCCs Through 2024

    0 shares
    Share 0 Tweet 0
  • Leakage Current Characteristics of Capacitors

    0 shares
    Share 0 Tweet 0
  •  Exxelia Opens Manufacturing Site in Morocco

    0 shares
    Share 0 Tweet 0
  • Filter Poles and Zeros Explained

    0 shares
    Share 0 Tweet 0
  • Thin Film, Foil, Metal Oxide, Thick Film and Carbon Resistors

    0 shares
    Share 0 Tweet 0
  • How to Choose the Right Inductor for DC-DC Buck Applications

    0 shares
    Share 0 Tweet 0

Newsletter Subscription

 

Archive

2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017

Symposium

Passive Components Networking Symposium

Passives e-Learning

Knowledge Blog

  • Home
  • Privacy Policy
  • EPCI Membership & Advertisement
  • About

© EPCI - Premium Passive Components Educational and Information Site

No Result
View All Result
  • Home
  • News
  • Video
  • Knowledge Blog
  • Preferred Suppliers
  • Events

© EPCI - Premium Passive Components Educational and Information Site

This website uses cookies. By continuing to use this website you are giving consent to cookies being used. Visit our Privacy and Cookie Policy.