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Film and Foil Organic Dielectric Capacitors

15.6.2022
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The article explains construction, application and features of film and foil organic dielectric capacitors:

  • Paper MP capacitors
  • Polyester PET /KT/MKT capacitors
  • Polypropylene PP /KP/MKP capacitors
  • Polycarbonate PC /KC/MKC capacitors
  • Polystyrene PS, Polyphenylene sulfide PPS and other plastic film capacitors Teflon PTFE / Polysulfone PSU

Film capacitors are essential electrostatic capacitors suitable for medium, higher voltage and higher current circuits. Unlike most other dielectric systems, film capacitors feature low loss factor at very low temperature.

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Dielectric constant is not big, but they feature very high dielectric strength. In combination with long life and self-healing aging capabilities it makes them ideal choice for high voltage, high power systems. While we focus on the most common dielectric types there is a wide list of organic dielectric materials with different features. Overview can be seen in the article: What is a Dielectric Constant of Plastic Materials ?

Jump to section

7. Polystyrene (PS), Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS), Teflon (PTFE) and Polysulfone (PSU) Film Capacitors

  • 1. Introduction & Benchmarking
  • 2. Film Capacitor Construction and Manufacturing
  • 3. Paper Capacitors
  • 4. Polyester PET and Polyethylene Naphtalate PEN Capacitors
  • 5. Polypropylene PP / KP and MKP Capacitors
  • 6. Polycarbonate (PC) capacitors / KC and MKC
  • 7. Polystyrene (PS), Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS), Teflon (PTFE) and Polysulfone (PSU) Film Capacitors

Polystyrene (PS) represents a non-polar dielectric material that just as polycarbonate to a great extent has been replaced by polypropylene. The availability is strongly limited due to ceased production.

Polyphenylene Sulfide or simply PPS has come to stay mainly because of its relatively high temperature resistance which has allowed SMD manufacture.

General Comments to PS

εr ≈  2.4. Max. temp.+70°C (possibly +85°C). Smallest film thickness 4 μm (0.16 mils). Except for metal foils often double metallized plastic foils are used.

Advantages

  • Very low losses; 0.01% at room ambient and 1 kHz.
  • Very high IR; RC 200 000 s. Actually it’s more exterior factors that determines the IR than the material itself.
  • Dielectric absorption 0.02%.
  • Stability ΔC/C, max ± 0.5%.

Disadvantages

  • Can not be metallized due to high carbon deposits and too little oxygen available at a self-healing breakdown.
  • Chemically sensitive film.
  • Availability limited due to ceased production.

Temperature and frequency dependencies for PS

Figure 40. Capacitance versus temperature for PS capacitors.
Figure 41. Tanδ versus temperature for PS capacitors.
Figure 42. Typical curve range for Tanδ versus frequency for PS capacitors.
Figure 43. Typical curve range for IR versus temperature in PS capacitors, when C ≤0.1μF.

General comments to PPS

Foil types exist but metallized design is a rule. If nothing else is said metallized film applies.

εr ≈3.0. Max. temp.+140 °C; most manufacturers recommend maximum +125 °C. Dielectric absorption ≈ 0.1%.

Smallest film thickness is 1.2 μm (0.05 mils) but former quality problems with the thinnest film may give cause for stronger derating of the lowest rated voltage. However, the supply of film is stabilized thus indicating an established demand..

The film is used in capacitors both for lead mount and SMD. Existing chip types are made in a stacked design.

Temperature and frequency dependencies for PPS

Figure 44. Typical curve range for capacitance versus temperature in PPS capacitors.
Figure 45.  Typical curve range for capacitance versus frequency in PPS capacitors.
Figure 46.  Typical curve range for Tanδ versus temperature in PPS capacitors.
Figure 47.   Typical curve range for Tanδ versus frequency in PPS capacitors.
Figure 48. Typical curve range for IR versus temperature in PPS capacitors.
Table 6.  POLYSTYRENE (PS) and  POLYPHENYLENE SULFIDE (PPS)

Other plastic organic film capacitors used in special designs:

Teflon (PTFE)

Teflon exists both in metallized and foil design. The greatest advantage of the film is its temperature resistance. The price, on the other hand, is high which gives cause for exclusive hermetic designs.

  • Capacitance 470pF….4.3μF.
  • Tolerance ±0.25….±20%.
  • Temperature range -65/+200°C.
  • TC -200…+50ppm/°C.
  • Rated voltage 50…600 V DC.
  • Tanδ , @ 1kHz, 20°C, ≤0.1%.
  • IR, @ 20°C, foil ≥500GΩ/ ≥100 000s,
  • IR, @ 20°C, metallized film 50GΩ/ 10 000s.
  • Stability  ΔC/C max -1%.
  • εr ≈ 2.2.
  • Dielectric absorption  ≤0.02%.
  • Recommended derating 0.6xVR.

Polysulfone (PSU)

Polysulfone capacitors belong to the same price group as the one of teflon. They are used only in special applications where high temperature capabilities together with excellent characteristics are of vital importance. The capacitors have been manufactured only in hermetic design and with foil electrodes.

  • Capacitance 1nF….22μF.
  • Tolerance ±0.25….±10%.
  • Temperature range -65/+150°C.
  • TC -200…+50ppm/°C.
  • Rated voltage 50…400 V DC.
  • Tanδ , @ 1kHz, 20°C, ≤0.15%.
  • IR, @ 20°C, foil ≥1000GΩ
  • εr ≈ 3.2.
  • Dielectric absorption  ≤0.2%.
  • Recommended derating 0.6xVR.
Jump to section

7. Polystyrene (PS), Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS), Teflon (PTFE) and Polysulfone (PSU) Film Capacitors

  • 1. Introduction & Benchmarking
  • 2. Film Capacitor Construction and Manufacturing
  • 3. Paper Capacitors
  • 4. Polyester PET and Polyethylene Naphtalate PEN Capacitors
  • 5. Polypropylene PP / KP and MKP Capacitors
  • 6. Polycarbonate (PC) capacitors / KC and MKC
  • 7. Polystyrene (PS), Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS), Teflon (PTFE) and Polysulfone (PSU) Film Capacitors
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