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What is the Difference Between X8G, X8L and X8R Ceramic Capacitor Dielectrics?

23.4.2024
Reading Time: 2 mins read
A A

With increasing use of electronic modules in under-the-hood applications in the automotive industry, X8* type ceramic dielectrics for up to 150C operating temperature are becoming more and more popular. But, do you know what is the difference between X8G, X8L and X8R ceramic capacitor dielectrics?

There are half-a-dozen ceramic capacitor dielectrics in regular use today: the ultra-stable Class 1 types P90 (porcelain), NPO (COG)  and U2J (N2200), and less stable Class II types X7R, X5R and Y5V.

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With increasing use of electronic modules in under-the-hood applications in the automotive industry, X8* type ceramic dielectrics are also becoming more and more popular.

X8G, X8L and X8R are all high temperature ceramic dielectrics for use in demanding applications up to +150°C, and all have a lower operating temperature limit of -55°C. This is what the “X” and the “8” signify. The third character represents the capacitance change over this temperature range. The table below shows this capacitance change.

Ceramic TypeRated Temperature RangeMaximum Capacitance Change Over Temperature Range
X8G-55°C – +150°C±30ppm/°C
X8L-55°C – +150°C±500ppm/°C
X8R-55°C – +150°C+15%
X8* MLCC 150C capacitance over temperature stability

This means that X8L and X8R types are Class II dielectrics, while the rarer X8G type is an ultra stable Class I dielectric. Of course, X8G capacitor dielectric class has a lower permitivity and thus lower Capacitance/CV. That may sound strange … or a good marketing to move attention from less stable class II materials to class I with better stability and performance at high temperature 150C applications.

Major brands such as AVX, KEMET, Knowles, Murata, TDK and Vishay all produce X8L/X8R dielectrics, but only few have X8G types (but of course they have class I capacitors available)

featured image credit: Knowles

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a Schematic diagram of the BNT-based components constructed based on the entropy-increase strategy. b Digital photograph, cross-sectional SEM image, and EDS mappings of the MLCCs. c Unipolar P-E loops of MLCCs as a function of applied E. d Wrec and η of the MLCCs as a function of applied E. The comparison of (e) Wrec and η, (f) η and UF of the MLCCs with those of other recently reported state-of-the-art MLCCs. source: Nature Communications

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